ADHD
Understanding ADHD
A Whole-Person Perspective
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common
neurodevelopmental condition that affects attention, self-control, and executive
functioning. While it often begins in childhood, ADHD can persist into adolescence
and adulthood, impacting academic, social, and professional life if left unrecognized.
ADHD is not a behavior problem or lack of motivation. It’s a brain-based condition that deserves awareness, understanding, and support — not judgment.
ADHD is not a behavior problem or lack of motivation. It’s a brain-based condition that deserves awareness, understanding, and support — not judgment.
ADHD in America: Fast Facts
- ADHD affects about 1 in 9 U.S. children.
- The adult diagnosis rate (~6%) reflects growing recognition and diagnosis in adulthood; over 55% receive diagnosis at age 18 or older. New York Post+3CDC+3ChADD+3ChADDCDC+3CDC Beta+3CDC+3
- Rates vary markedly by age and gender, with the highest prevalence among young adults.
What Causes ADHD?
ADHD is influenced by a combination of biological, genetic, and environmental
factors:
- Genetics: ADHD tends to run in families, suggesting a strong hereditary link. Twin studies show a heritability rate of about 74%, meaning that genetics account for nearly three-quarters of the risk. If a parent has ADHD, their child has a 40–60% chance of also having it.
- Brain development: Differences in brain structure and function are well- documented. Children with ADHD often have 3–5% smaller total brain volume, especially in the prefrontal cortex, basal ganglia, and cerebellum — regions that control attention, impulse control, and decision-making. Brain maturation in these areas can also be delayed by 2–3 years.
- Prenatal and early life influences
- Premature birth: Increases ADHD risk by 2 to 3 times.
- Low birth weight: Raises the risk by up to 3 times, particularly under 1,500g.
- Prenatal exposure to toxins: Lead, tobacco, alcohol, or organophosphate pesticides, nicotine smoking , second hand smoke have all been linked to higher rates of ADHD.
- Maternal stress during pregnancy: Associated with a 1.5 to 2 times higher risk of the child developing ADHD symptoms.
ADHD is not caused by parenting style, diet, screen time, or lack of discipline —
though certain environments can influence how symptoms are expressed and
managed.
Types of ADHD
There are three main types of ADHD, based on the dominant set of symptoms:
1. ADHD – Predominantly Inattentive Type
1. ADHD – Predominantly Inattentive Type
- Difficulty focusing, following through, and organizing tasks
- Easily distracted or forgetful
- May seem quiet or disengaged rather than hyperactive
- More common in girls and often underdiagnosed
2. ADHD – Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Type
- Fidgeting, restlessness, and difficulty sitting still
- Acts without thinking or blurts out answers
- May interrupt or talk excessively
- More commonly identified in younger children
3. ADHD – Combined Type
- A combination of inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms
- Most common presentation across all age groups
Common Symptoms
ADHD symptoms may look different at various ages but typically include:
1. Inattention
1. Inattention
- Trouble focusing or completing tasks
- Frequently losing things
- Difficulty following instructions
2. Hyperactivity
- Constant movement or fidgeting
- Talking excessively
- Trouble sitting still in quiet settings
3. Impulsivity
- Interrupting others
- Acting without considering consequences
- Struggling to wait or take turns
Early Signs in Children
Early signs may appear by age 4–6 and include:
- Struggling to stay engaged in play or learning
- High activity levels that don’t match the setting
- Interrupting or talking over others
- Difficulty following multi-step instructions
- Emotional outbursts or sensitivity to frustration
Early identification and intervention are key to better long-term outcomes.
ADHD in Adolescents and Adults
In teens and adults, hyperactivity may decrease, but difficulties with focus, time
management, organization, emotional regulation, and follow-through often continue.
Many adults with ADHD remain undiagnosed until later in life.
Signs in adults may include:
Signs in adults may include:
- Chronic procrastination
- Frequently feeling overwhelmed
- Trouble meeting deadlines or remembering commitments
- Difficulty sustaining attention in conversations or meetings
Treatment Options at IPS
At Integrative Psychiatric Services (IPS), we offer a comprehensive and personalized
approach to ADHD care:
- Medication Management: Stimulant and non-stimulant options can significantly improve attention, impulse control, and overall functioning.
- Behavioral Therapy: Helps manage impulsivity, improve focus, and build emotional regulation.
- Parent Coaching: Equips caregivers with tools to support their child’s development and create structured routines.
- School and Work Support: Collaboration for IEPs, 504 plans, and workplace accommodations.
- TOVA® Testing (Test of Variables of Attention): A computerized, FDA- cleared assessment that helps objectively measure attention and impulse control to support accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.
- Life Skills Coaching: For older teens and adults to strengthen executive functioning and time management.
Treatment is never one-size-fits-all. Our team takes the time to understand your
needs and goals — and builds a care plan that works for your life.
Moving Forward with Confidence
Having ADHD does not limit potential — it simply means the brain works differently.
With the right strategies, supports, and mindset, individuals with ADHD can excel in
school, careers, relationships, and beyond.
At IPS, we’re here to help you or your loved one navigate ADHD with understanding, evidence-based care, and unwavering support.
At IPS, we’re here to help you or your loved one navigate ADHD with understanding, evidence-based care, and unwavering support.
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